Technical documentation for engineering review and integration partners

Technical Documentation

Comprehensive technical specifications, architecture details, and integration guidelines for engineering teams and development partners.

System Architecture

High-Level Architecture Diagram

Perception Layer
• Multi-camera array
• Force sensors
• Position encoders
• Environmental sensors
Control Layer
• Vision processing
• Decision algorithms
• Motion planning
• Safety monitoring
Execution Layer
• Motor controllers
• Actuator systems
• Tool interfaces
• Feedback loops
Operator Interface
Real-time monitoring • Manual override • Parameter adjustment • Status visualization

The Helixa system employs a three-layer architecture that separates perception, control, and execution concerns. This modular design enables independent optimization of each subsystem while maintaining tight integration through standardized interfaces.

Data flows from sensors through the perception layer, which performs real-time processing and feature extraction. The control layer receives processed sensor data and generates motion commands based on current state, desired outcomes, and safety constraints. The execution layer translates high-level commands into precise motor control signals with continuous feedback.

Control Logic & State Management

State Machine Architecture

IDLE: System ready, awaiting operator input
CALIBRATING: Sensor calibration and workspace mapping
PLANNING: Motion trajectory generation
EXECUTING: Active operation with continuous feedback
PAUSED: Operation suspended, state preserved
ERROR: Safety violation detected, awaiting resolution

Control Loop Hierarchy

High-Level Control (10 Hz)
Task planning, trajectory generation, safety monitoring
Mid-Level Control (100 Hz)
Motion coordination, force regulation, adaptive parameter adjustment
Low-Level Control (1000 Hz)
Motor control, position servoing, real-time feedback

Decision Algorithm Framework

The adaptive control system employs a hierarchical decision-making framework that balances reactive responses with planned behavior. At each control cycle, the system evaluates current sensor data against expected values, computes error metrics, and determines appropriate corrective actions.

1. Acquire sensor data (vision, force, position)
2. Update world model and state estimate
3. Evaluate safety constraints
4. Compute trajectory error and deviation metrics
5. Generate corrective control signals
6. Apply actuator commands with rate limiting
7. Log telemetry for analysis and refinement

Data Flow & Processing Pipeline

Vision Processing Pipeline

Image Acquisition
1920×1080 @ 60fps
Multi-camera sync
Preprocessing
Distortion correction
Color normalization
Feature Extraction
Edge detection
Texture analysis
3D Reconstruction
Stereo matching
Point cloud generation
Latency Budget: Total pipeline latency maintained below 50ms through GPU acceleration and optimized algorithms. Critical path operations execute on dedicated hardware to ensure deterministic timing.

Sensor Fusion Architecture

Multiple sensor modalities are integrated using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) framework that provides optimal state estimates by combining measurements with different characteristics, noise profiles, and update rates.

Vision (60 Hz)
High accuracy, moderate latency, absolute position
Encoders (1000 Hz)
High rate, low latency, relative position
Force (1000 Hz)
Direct measurement, immediate feedback

Performance Specifications

Latency Characteristics

ComponentLatency
Vision processing<50 ms
Decision algorithm<10 ms
Motion planning<20 ms
Motor response<5 ms
Total system latency<85 ms

Mechanical Specifications

ParameterValue
Positioning accuracy±0.5 mm
Repeatability±0.2 mm
Force resolution0.01 N
Maximum velocity500 mm/s
Workspace volume400×400×300 mm

Safety Architecture

Multi-Layer Safety System

Layer 1: Hardware Safety

Independent hardware watchdog monitors system state and can trigger emergency stop through dedicated safety-rated circuits. Force limiters provide mechanical protection against excessive loads. All safety-critical components use redundant sensors with cross-checking.

Layer 2: Real-Time Monitoring

Continuous evaluation of sensor data against safety envelopes. Position limits, velocity constraints, and force thresholds are enforced at 1000 Hz. Any violation triggers immediate motion cessation and operator alert.

Layer 3: Predictive Safety

Forward simulation predicts system behavior over the next 100ms. If predicted trajectory violates safety constraints, motion is modified or halted preemptively. Reduces reliance on reactive safety measures.

Layer 4: Operator Oversight

Human operator maintains supervisory control with ability to pause, adjust, or override system at any time. Emergency stop buttons provide immediate physical intervention capability.

Safety Constraints

  • Maximum force: 5N (configurable per operation)
  • Maximum velocity: 500 mm/s with adaptive limiting
  • Workspace boundaries enforced with 10mm safety margin
  • Collision detection with 50ms prediction horizon
  • Thermal monitoring prevents component overheating

Fault Handling

  • Sensor failure: Switch to degraded mode with reduced capability
  • Communication loss: Immediate safe stop and state preservation
  • Constraint violation: Motion halt with detailed diagnostic logging
  • Power anomaly: Controlled shutdown with position retention
  • All faults logged with timestamp and system state snapshot

Repeatability & Accuracy

Measurement Methodology

System accuracy and repeatability are characterized through standardized test protocols. A calibrated reference target is positioned at multiple locations within the workspace. The system is commanded to move to each target position 100 times, and actual position is measured using external metrology equipment (laser tracker with 0.01mm resolution).

Accuracy Metrics

Accuracy measures the difference between commanded position and actual position. Systematic errors are characterized and compensated through calibration procedures.

Mean error: 0.3 mm
Maximum error: 0.5 mm
Standard deviation: 0.15 mm

Repeatability Metrics

Repeatability measures variation when returning to the same commanded position multiple times. This is the primary metric for consistent operation.

Mean deviation: 0.1 mm
Maximum deviation: 0.2 mm
99% confidence: ±0.18 mm

Long-Term Stability

Extended operation testing demonstrates maintained performance over time. System was operated continuously for 8-hour sessions over 30 days, with periodic accuracy measurements. No significant degradation was observed, confirming mechanical stability and effective thermal management.

<2%
Accuracy drift over 30 days
240+
Hours continuous operation
99.7%
Uptime (excluding maintenance)

Integration Guidelines

Communication Interfaces

Control API

RESTful API for high-level system control and configuration. Supports operation mode selection, parameter adjustment, and status monitoring.

POST /api/v1/operations/start
GET /api/v1/status
PUT /api/v1/parameters

Telemetry Stream

WebSocket connection provides real-time telemetry at 10 Hz. Includes position, force, system state, and diagnostic information.

ws://system-ip:8080/telemetry
JSON format, 10 Hz update rate
Automatic reconnection support

Environmental Requirements

Operating Conditions

  • • Temperature: 15-30°C
  • • Humidity: 20-80% RH (non-condensing)
  • • Vibration: <0.5g at 10-200 Hz
  • • Lighting: 200-1000 lux ambient
  • • Power: 110-240V AC, 50-60 Hz, 1500W max

Installation Requirements

  • • Stable mounting surface (vibration isolated)
  • • Minimum clearance: 500mm all sides
  • • Network: Gigabit Ethernet connection
  • • Dedicated 20A circuit recommended
  • • Emergency stop accessible within 1m

Maintenance Schedule

Daily
Visual inspection, workspace cleaning, sensor verification
Weekly
Calibration check, force sensor verification, backup system logs
Monthly
Full calibration procedure, mechanical inspection, software updates
Quarterly
Comprehensive system audit, accuracy verification, component replacement as needed

Technical Support

For integration assistance, technical questions, or partnership inquiries, contact our engineering team.